The Influence of Film and Fashion and the Impact on Cultural Essay

The Influence of Film and Fashion and the Impact on Cultural Traditions of Behavior - Essay Example The paper The impact of film on style investigates film affected on the design. The film business has likewise utilized this as an apparatus to make messages with the plan of changing and testing social patterns. In taking a gander at the manner by which design and conduct has been affected by film, plainly the film business has monumentally affected the manner by which the occasion of going out to see the films has a more extensive impact than just the amusement esteem that is advertised. The presence of style in film is a type of correspondence that loans to the general goal of every scene. As indicated by Munich, the style in film gives further significance to the correspondence that is planned by the look that has been made to upgrade the general structure and look. Style and costuming turns into a piece of the set plan, the shade of the dividers being in offset with the shade of the dress, the structures and structures of every component of the scene, including the garments that the entertainers wear, a painstakingly built ‘painting’ that provides for every scene the profundity that will give the messages that the significance means to pass on. The look is a piece of the general correspondence, binds the style to social implications and underlining better approaches for survey when progressed admirably. The implications behind design have frequently been in making a feeling of social class, however through film these implications become passed on to all classes. As indicated by what Munich has composed, â€Å"Film offers design to the majority and is a road to its democratization†. ... A jug of Coca Cola is a great case of how the shopper culture is evened out through exchanges. A container Coca Cola merits a similar measure of cash to somebody who is poor for what it's worth to somebody who is affluent. Nobody pays pretty much for a superior or more awful jug of the item (Pendergrast 15). In this equivalent vein of thought, Munich has recommended that style has been balanced through a similar procedure as design gets open for cloning to those in lower class levels just as higher class levels (5). The visual chance to see styles and ideas takes into account design to penetrate parts of the general public that would not have had this open door in other timeframes where availability was as effectively achieved. In structuring apparel for people in general, a creator must not just know how the development of the historical backdrop of style has happened, yet should know what is significant inside the way of life with the goal that the dress proceeds with that correspo ndence. Movie impacts the bearing that social points of view are created, and how the dress of a film has been created so as to comprehend those manners of thinking further can be moved as a piece of the correspondence and message. A case of this kind of impact can be seen through the movie Annie Hall coordinated by Woody Allen. In the film, the lead character Annie Hall, played by Dianne Keaton, wears a particular closet that has a masculinized portrayal. The closet incorporates menswear as caps, ties, and menswear style textures. The look was easygoing, larger than average, and itemized with female pieces to give a refined, cross sexual orientation look. After the arrival of the film, the look as it was made by

Theoretical approach Essay Example for Free

Hypothetical methodology Essay The utilization of a hypothetical way to deal with clarify a wonder in the general public isn't remarkable. For this research paper the author is required to utilize five speculations to respond to five good inquiries given. One the hypothesis is distributive equity. This hypothesis has to do with equity in the distribution of products in the general public. It targets lessening disparities that happen accidentally and it is guided by a few components. The measure of products to be disseminated, how they will be utilized and how they will be separated which generally implies it manages guaranteeing the results and the outcomes of the portion of merchandise in the public eye are simply. The other hypothesis that will be applied in this research project is the ethical rights hypothesis which involves the rights held by designers of copyrighted materials, the option to distribute a book with a pen name different rights. These rights are not tied down exclusively on law or people’s customs or convictions they are simply normal rights. The ideals of morals is a methodology that centers around a good agent’s character however less on the standards or the results. An activity is in this manner right or wrong because of what a character doesn't in view of the results of their activities. Utilizing this hypothesis an individual will have the option to recognize whether the meaning of what is considered ‘green’ ought to be normalized. Different hypotheses that will be utilized to take a gander at the Moral Issue Questions inside and out are the utilitarianism and the morals of care speculations. Utilitarian methodology advocates for the activity that carries the most delight to the individuals. The result of an activity hence turns out to be significant since the outcomes are estimated by taking a gander at the degrees of fulfillment or disappointment in the overall population. The morals of care hypothesis then again is a methodology that sees activity being either right or wrong. This hypothesis advocates for the interests of the individuals who are helpless against warrant exceptional thought and these individuals ought to be secured structure hurt. These five methodologies will be utilized to take a gander at the ethical issues that the situations introduced present and the most appropriate response to the MIQ dependent on those speculations. Distributive Justice MIQ. Who ought to control corporate pay? Characterizing exorbitant compensation Investment counsels have been known to cheat their customers for the administrations rendered. For this situation Oakmark group of common assets are claiming that the chief of assets from Harris Associates charged the family twofold the sums charged for similar administrations reached out to different customers along these lines damaging their guardian obligation (Barnes Mufson 2009). The family needs the court to decide whether they have a legitimate case and the amount Harris partners should pay as pay. The case makes numerous situations and has bunch consequencies not simply on the U. S. Preeminent court yet in addition on the political field also. The common finances field being as serious as it is the Harris Associates feel shared finances speculators are allowed to scout the market and get the best guide for their necessities. Likewise, the way that they figured out how to develop the Oaks Family account as broad as they did implies they have carried out their responsibility. Regardless of the Harris Associate safeguarding their activities, the Founder of Vanguard Group and an exceptionally compelling figure in the common supports industry feels that what Harris Associates did was an immediate infringement of the trustee obligation and the courts ought to uphold this obligation on speculation consultants (Barnes Mufson 2009). As per distributive equity hypothesis the courts ought to manage the corporate remuneration. Leaving the choice to the speculation counsels will proliferate the shameful acts much further. Harris Associates were not simply in charging the Oak Family twofold the sum charged different organizations for the equivalent or considerably lesser administrations rendered. In this way the court ought to guarantee that the Oak’s get equity and are completely redressed. This is on the grounds that as the shared supports industry develops most venture guides are adjusting their loyalties to suit themselves and the legislature should step in and ensure the privileges of the financial specialists. Moral Rights MIQ. Should the administration punish Bank of America for tolerating rescue cash just to take care of it in front of plan for request to draw in CEO with rewarding compensation and advantages? The Federal Government gives enterprises bailouts with a few conditions which are essentially to do with the control and powerful running of the a bailout recipient. The Bank of America subsequent to profiting by the administration bailout is thinking that its difficult running its tasks with the obstruction of the legislature. Thusly it has chosen to reimburse the citizen help stretched out by the administration during the monetary emergency before the installment time frames is over to free itself of any immediate government obstruction. Being liberated from government obligation the organization will at that point be in a situation to pull in a Chief Executive Officer after the present boss resigns since as things stand now most are avoiding working in the partnership because of the current government impedance (Appelbaum 2009). As indicated by Appelbaum (2009) the legislature won't acknowledge the reimbursement until the Bank can learn it is in sound financial wellbeing and has balanced out. The bailout was because of a poor development choice made by the then Chief Executive. The genuinely necessary bailout came however left the bank under the leniency of the administration. This administration association has truly influenced the quest for another Chief since it has expanded the examination of the banks exercises and now all the choices the bank authorities make must be broke down by the national government. The government’s expectations rescuing the bank were honorable as it was defending one of the nations enormous financial players and it needed to ensure that the bank didn't sink to the mess again in future. By ethicalness of the bailout the administration subsequently possesses the organization since it spared it from an all out breakdown. As per Moral rights hypothesis the administration needs to investigate all the choices made before and in the present as it has a privilege by ethicalness of the cash advanced. The legislature isn't punishing the bank for tolerating the bailout cash it is simply guaranteeing the circumstance never happens again. A partnerships boss ought to be flexible enough to work under all conditions and in this way by avoiding a worthwhile position since ones exercises will be examined by a legitimate proprietor as indicated by the ethical rights scholars isn't right. The legislature as a designer has a characteristic directly over the bank and every one of its endeavors. Along these lines the administration is defended by this hypothesis to punish the bank. Utilitarianism MIQ. Should future space programs be privatized? Private Enterprises Ticket to Fly Into Space Agreeing Achenbach (2009) there is the likelihood that an opportunity is approaching whereby setting off to the moon or to space will be as simple as traveling to another goal is today. This is on the grounds that the idea of privatizing spaceflight is looking more and rewarding every day. The American government is thinking that its difficult considering in all the exercises of NASA in the spending plan. An advisory group was framed by President Obama drove by a resigned aviation official Norman Augustine to assess and prompt the president on the best game-plan to take about NASA. This is on the grounds that the administration is feeling the strain and in any event, as per the Committee there isn't sufficient cash for NASA’s 2020 arranged excursion to the moon. The financial plan for future spaceflights has been decreased. The advisory group suggested changes in techniques utilized by NASA and proposed NASA investigates or investigates other less expensive investigation openings. The greatest difficulty has to do with the Ares 1 rocket whose upkeep cost has been extremely high and the board of trustees has proposed a crossing out ought to be thought of. This makes different confusions like people loosing their vocations and some other security suggestions. The best way to manage scratching off the Ares 1 is thinking about business spaceflight (Achenbach 2009). This implies charging those that need to encounter an excursion to space. Along these lines entryways would be available to remember private players for the business. A few people are of the feeling that dropping the excursion to the moon in 2020 will crash the designs to go Mars and the legislature ought to rather investigate different suggestions (Achenbach 2009). The utilitarianism approach advocates for the choice that encourages the most pleasurable outcome for the greater part. There are numerous choices to be taken a gander at in this circumstance with NASA and all the choices have their advantages and disadvantages. Through the utilitarianism approach the spaceflight ought to be privatized. This will open up ways to every one of those intrigued organizations to contribute with regards to this industry. This will energize imagination and allow to the intrigued individuals from open an opportunity to visit space. Privatizing the spaceflights will facilitate the money related weight on the administration which directly funds all NASA’s exercises. This cash could be put to other critical needs. The private players will be upbeat as they would now be able to bring in cash free of the administration by flying space explorers to space financially. Righteousness morals MIQ. Ought to there be severe rules and definitions on what is viewed as green meats and fish utilized in eateries Most individuals are turning out to be very wellbeing and ecologically cognizant and will just expend those items that are seen to be inline with their beliefs. So as to stay aware of this pattern business people are likewise sourcing for crude materials from makers who utilize naturally benevolent strategies to develop or raise their produce. This wellbeing and ecological stage is the thing that Founding Farmers Restaurant moored its business on. On its menu it had promoted for ‘green cuisines’ as its claim to fame (Black 2009). On close scruti

Airports and ground handling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Air terminals and ground dealing with - Essay Example Different examinations propose that exclusive firms can understand more elevated levels of working productivity contrasted with state possessed firms (Megginson et al., 2004). In the UK, there are different proprietorship structures of air terminals which incorporate total private possession, nearby government proprietorship and open private possession. While there are a few air terminals which are separately possessed, there are likewise numerous air terminal administrator bunches in the UK. The privatization of the UK air terminals isn't a secluded case since the move has been grasped by different governments universally. For example, Austria popularized and privatized the Vienna International Airport; Australia privatized Melbourne or Tullamarine (Baird, 1996) while New Zealand privatized the ports of Wellington and Auckland universal air terminals. Preferably, numerous administrations universally have rented out their air terminals on a drawn out premise to private substances to work them to upgrade their proficiency and adequacy (Assaf, Gillen, and Barros, 2012). It is likewise pivotal to take note of that this sort of course of action has been stretched out to the administration of ocean ports and terminals over the world to improve proficiency by facilitating blockage in the port offices. A genuine model was the privatization of nine UK ports in 1983 that shaped the Associated British Ports (Haarmeyer, &Yorke, 1993). The privatization empowered the ports to bui ld capital venture, differentiate resources and receive productive practices (Haarmeyer, &Yorke, 1993). Subsequently, it is apparent that privatization of government claimed substances is critical in improving their operational productivity and adequacy. It is significant, in any case, to take note of that privatization of air terminals has not occurred in all pieces of the UK and the world. A few air terminals such those in the Islands of Scotland, which are not occupied or alluring are typically financed by the state to encourage the development of individuals

Systems Analysis and Design - 2200 Words

Systems Analysis and Design for the Family First Medical Centre System (Coursework Sample) Content: Systems Analysis and Design:Name of student:Name of institution:Systems Analysis and Design for the Family First Medical Centre SystemPart A: System Requirement AnalysisIntroductionThe Family First Medical Centre System handles the most significantinformation in the confidentiality and organization of patient medical records that is the insurance and financial information.The system must be capable of handling appointment scheduling, maintenance of patient records,payment processing and tracking and management of medical history includingappointment notes, creating diagnosis and writing prescriptions and referrals (Kendall, 2013). It mustalso be secure and clearly viewable in many formats. There is the great need to ensure that there is accurate tracking of the records of all patients to ensure that the patient is well protected and the clinic is viable financially.Our overall plan and methodology throughout the analysis and design of thefamily first medical centre sy stem was to make a system that would allow for information to beaccessed, viewed and structured in diverse ways as outlined in our requirements. For this to be done, we constantly reevaluated those requirements (Kendall, 2013).While the system design often involves various team members whocomplete individual tasks to contribute to the whole system design, it is important that the teamconstantly discuss the requirements and the concept of the system, so that theindividual team member parts interact with the whole system perfectly. To adequately and completely meet the requirements and interact properlywith various actors and with the rest of the system, it was essential for team members todiscuss each section as a group by offeringsuggestions and evaluatingmethodology ideas (Kendall, 2013).This system analysis and design will ultimately demonstrate anincorporatedunderstanding of the family first medical centre systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s requirements as well as anuncomplicated, but inclusivea pproach to merging patient data for the clinicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s requirements. The diagram shown below represents the clinical primary actors expanded for use in the 3 case descriptions traceable in sequence diagrams (Kendall, 2013). Our analysis class diagram shows the relationships that exist in the classes and how the system has data that is organized in the sequence diagrams. Additionally, it describes how the classes are able to access the different systems. Our design class diagram goes a step farther and shows how those operations depicted in our individual sequence diagram that usually show the interaction between the systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ class organization. Additionally, it shows different navigability of different class associations (Kendall, 2013). Finally, our relational database schema details the attributes and relations within the system to demonstrate how each relation and its included data will be accessed by the system. Each section builds upon the previous and all are tra ceable back to our system requirements.ProblemsFrom our own experience using clinics and studying healthcare systems, we observed that one of the largest problems is redundancy of information and inconsistence of patient files (Kendall, 2013).Medical information systems are also notorious for being out-of-date, complex, redundant, disorganized and increasingly expensive.SolutionsAs ourkey goal, we created anintegrated patient information system. We created a system that linkedall of the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s information and data, so while it is easily accessible, it will greatly reduce redundancy of information.In order to create this simple and integrated system, we constantly reevaluated ourprogress to ensure that staff memberswould have instantly access to the systemprocesses that at the same time were not overlapping, but offered sufficient difficulty that they could search patient data from a variety of search criteria (Kendall, 2013).Business SolutionSmaller clinics with simpler needs of administrating appointments, basic medical histories, prescriptions, payments and referrals cannot pay for more complex systems and do not need them. We chose to evaluate the requirements for such a clinic and design a system that adequately meets their needs without involving unnecessary features while sustaining a simple organizational design.The small clinics in most cases are not in the position to afford expensive medical tools that are commonly found in other large hospitals. They also cannot afford the expensive medical equipments. Instead, they need a medical software system that can handle their more basic requirements while hanging within a convenient budget.Information GatheringOur team used 3 methods of information gathering:- Observation by our team members- Interviews with the staff (Assistants and Doctor)- Questionnaires filled out by patientsFunctional RequirementThe Family First Medical Centre System will requireallocating the following functions: 1 Log in 2 Log out 3 Manage Patients 1 Add a new patient 2 Edit existing patient information 3 C. Save new and updated patient information, including HIPAA with medical records. 4 Search and view Patient Information 4 View patient list, name of doctor who treated the patient, visits and appointment details. 5 View patient information, and have the ability to sort by field 6 Manage employee users 5 Add employee 6 Edit employee information 7 Delete employee 8 Add user login and password 9 Edit employee privileges 10 Change password 7 Manage appointments Add appointments Edit appointment information Delete appointments 8 View appointments and patient visits, and have the ability to sort by date or by any of the patient details 9 Edit patient medical history Add initial medical history Edit initial medical history Add appointment notes Edit appointment notes Add diagnosis, prescription, or referral to visit Edit prescription, diagnosis or referral Upload patient forms Edit patient forms 10 View medical history by visit date Search and view medical history by field (allergy, medical condition, medication,prescriptions, diagnoses, referral, forms or appointment notes) Make patient payment Make payment with credit card Make payment with cash or check Submit patient insurance claim View payments, and have the ability to sort by any of the patient detail, date, and visits Generate Reports Payment history for patient Patient detailed Information Patients with an outstanding balance Patient payments with insurance claims that need to be filed Patient payments with insurance issues Generate Monthly Reports Total billing per month Total payments per month Total patient payments per month Total billing per month per doctor Generate Yearly Reports Total billing per year per doctor Total patient payments per year Total payments per year Total billing per yearNon-Functional Requirements 1 The system will have a graphical user interface (GUI). 2 Eight weeks is the normal time consumed between the design and the initial analysis prior to the development or prototyping. 3 The system will be a web-based application and will be compatible with major web browsers. 4 User authentication will be required to gain access to the system. The system will automatic lock after a specified idling time expires and will prompt the user to enter the username and password to gain access again to the system.Other Important Assumption 1 The system is to be built on ASP.Net 2.0 using Microsoft Visual Studio. 2 The systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s database to be built on MYSQL 5.0+. 3 Credit card processing, insurance processing and medical databases are external to the system and should be maintained to the system by the relevant user who has privileges to perform a particular task. 4 Employees will scan and upload to the system any medical forms including the medical history.UsersFamily First Medical Centre System will be available for use by each of the following users:Administrator: The Administ rator manages accounts either by creating, deleting or updating. The administrator also manage level permission of each user in the systemDoctor: Doctors have the unique goals of Accessing patient information, accessing financial information, reviewing reports, filling charge slips and treat PatientsStaff: All staff of the clinic share goals of logging in and out of the system, managingpatient, generating financial reports, managing appointments, processing payments andgenerating invoices. Staff comprises ofAdministrative Staff and Medical.Medical Staff: Medical Staff are a subclass of Staff. Medical Staff members have unique goals of such as keeping the medical history of the patients, ensuring that all the appointments for patients and managing all the examination notes of all patients.Most of the medical Staffs in most hospitals comprises of the doctors and other people to assist them such as the nurses.Credit Card Company: This is the company that has the external system allowe d by the clinic to process its credit cards with the intention of easing the payment process.Insurance Company: This is a company that ensures that the insurance claim is processed and also ensures that the clinic adheres to the insurance objectives.Use Case DiagramLevel 1 DiagramTreat Patient:Activity DiagramsSet up New Appointment:Objects of the SystemThis section documents the system functionality and domain objects. It describes the systemfunctionality that the system provides at its interfaces, and the quality characteristics of these services. A number of objects are defined for the system and its main a...

Gym Essay - 707 Words

What Healthy Senior Women Are Up To At The Gym Many studies out there show the benefits of seniors making a regular trip to the gym. In fact, the older we get, the more we need to keep our muscles strong. Sarcopenia As the years go by, the muscular cells in our body waste away due to lack of use or by the damaging effects of free radicals, inflammation, and hormonal imbalance during menopause, or mitochondrial dysfunction. All together, these factors are called Sarcopenia, the natural weakening of the muscles through aging. To reverse this process, progressive and regular use of resistance training was proven to increase mitochondrial and antioxidant production, balance hormones, and strengthen muscles on a genetic level. Why Is The†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Tai Chi or Qigong - These types of ancient wellness practices can usually be found at your local senior or community center or even at the gym. They are great for balance, stress relief, and muscle strengthening. Because of the slow pace movement and low impact exercise, this is a very popular strength program for senior women. It is easy on the joints but still helps to strengthen your entire body. It also helps to keep you flexible and limber. †¢ Yoga - This is another low impact form of exercise that is popular with the senior community. Like everyone else, seniors can gain strength and flexibility through a regular yoga program. It doesnt require any special equipment so you can even do these at home after youve learned the moves or watch a video and follow along. One of the best thing about yoga is that there are modifications to almost every move for those who may have limited mobility due to health issues like arthritis. †¢ Water Aerobics - Many seniors can be found moving and smiling at the local pool. These water aerobics classes are great for strength training seniors without causing any injury. The weight of the water against the movement of the body creates a natural resistance training to keep the muscles strong without the jarring and joint problems. Another great aspect of water aerobics is that it controls the body temperature with the cool water, so no nasty sweating! †¢ Power Walking - Power walking is another simple,Show MoreRelatedThe Gym, As a Social Scene Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough fitness centers and gyms may appear to be a place to break a sweat and work out with the intention of not being seen without makeup and in grungy clothes, this may not be the case, in particular when it comes to college gyms. Contrary to the findings Tamara L. Black displayed in her dissertation for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology from the University of California in Los Angeles, in which she depicts the situation of the classical fitness center as exercise dominated, afterRead MoreA Run in Someone Elses Gym Shoes Essay1025 Words   |  5 Pagesplace they can go to stay active and fit. Some examples of these varying gyms are LA fitness, Lifetime Fitness, and Cardinal Fitness. Each club has something different that they specialize in. As much as that is a good quality, some people have trouble choosing what the best gym is for th em because they have to choose a quality each health club specializes in over all other clubs. Cardinal Fitness is a very self-advocated gym. Their hours are from 5:00 AM- 11:00 PM Monday through Friday, and theyRead MoreGym, Health Fitness Clubs in the Us Industry Report.P Essay13388 Words   |  54 PagesWWW.IBISWORLD.COM Gym,HealthFitnessClubsintheUS June 2011 1 Working out: Business will stay strong as demand from health-conscious consumers grows IBISWorld Industry Report 71394 Gym, Health Fitness Clubs in the US June2011 2 AboutthisIndustry 2 2 2 2 Industry Definition Main Activities Similar Industries Additional Resources 16 International Trade 17 Business Locations TaylorHamilton 30 KeyStatistics 30 Industry Data 30 Annual Change 30 Key Ratios 19Read MoreGym Essay2126 Words   |  9 Pages------------------------------------------------- 1 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Read MoreHow Effective Marketing, Financial and Human Resource Management Activities Could Be Expected to Contribute to Fitness Firsts Success.1496 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will be examining how Fitness First uses marketing, finance and human resource management to continually be an effective and sustainable sports organisation. Fitness First is the largest gym, health and fitness group in the world with more than 1.5 million members and over 550 fitness clubs. (www.fitnessfirst.co.uk, 2009) The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as â€Å"†¦the management process which identifies, anticipates and supplies customer requirements efficientlyRead MoreGym Dwellers Essay871 Words   |  4 PagesGym Dwellers Automated doors slide open revealing a multitude of fitness machinery and flooding the air with the sound of weights clinking and the synchronized rhythmic stomping of twenty pairs of Nikes hitting the floor simultaneously in the step aerobics class; it’s time to get physical. On any given day, at any time, in gyms all across America the same scene is played out, (Guy). 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It is where I have formed some of the closest friendships. It is the place I have invested years of hard work for many of my accomplishments. To some it may seem odd that a place associated with sweat and physical pain can mean so much to oneRead MorePersuasive Essay : Gym Class1248 Words   |  5 PagesThis was his second year at Jamesville High, and despite this, he still didn t know which peg hole suited him. Last year blew past like a blur, though it did have moments when time seemed to creep along, like some wishfully forgettable moments in gym class. Unwilling and unable to accomplish the mi nimally pathetic goals of Coach Peterson s PE class, he d hidden in the bathrooms. At least until the red-eyed coach dragged him onto the worn plank floors of the gymnasium. 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Ecological Concern in International Business - 6824 Words

In this globalization era many industries seek expansion not just limited to their own nation but to go international and seek new market for their products and services. The environmental standards and norms play a significant role in determining the competitiveness of products and goods on the international market. Environmental responsibility is a vital component of a business strategy as it not only helps the environment, but it wins the trust of communities and gains the respect of the governments of the countries in which the business operates. All businesses impact on the environment: they emit pollution, they produce waste and use resources. Businesses, however, are continually being encouraged to improve their approach to†¦show more content†¦1. The ‘polluter pays’ principle (PPP) stipulates that the polluters should pay the full cost of environmental damage they cause. Environmental costs are often referred to as ‘externalities’ (for example, damage to health, rivers, the air etc. arising from economic activity) that are not incorporated into the costs of a product but are borne by society as a whole. By making the polluter pay the full cost of its activities, including externalities, the PPP provides an incentive to make products less polluting and/ o r to reduce the consumption of polluting goods. The internalization of external costs can be met through the use of market-based, policy instruments. 2. The prevention principle involves changes to products and processes to prevent environmental damage occurring rather than relying on remedial action to repair the damage after it has taken place. This implies the development of ‘clean technologies’; minimal use of natural resources; minimal releases into the atmosphere, water and soil; and maximization of the recyclability and lifespan of products. 3. The precautionary principle acknowledges that our understanding of the ecology and environmental processes is, at best, incomplete and constantly evolving. Policy is therefore formulated againstShow MoreRelatedStrengths and the Weaknesses of Environmental Management System804 Words   |  3 PagesIn the contemporary business world, the changing consumer demand, rising consumer’s social expectation of businesses and government set to tighten regulation have urged environmental management. Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) are strategic management tools that outline the way an organization will address its impacts on the natural environment (Feng et al. 2014, 2901). 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The company s growth plan included the signing of new partners in three new countries. The first expansion was Singapore and Malaysia; this would be a master partner who is directly in control of food and beverage as well as the bestRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On The Auto Parts Industry1194 Words   |  5 Pagestheir operation from domestic market to international market. Shanghai, which is the China’s largest commercial and industrial city, focuses on 6 major industries which are information technology, automobile, large-scale electromechanical equipment, petrochemicals, heavy manufacturing and biopharmaceutical products (http://en.people.cn/200207/20/eng20020720_100055.shtml). With the virtually unlimited well-educated labour resources and the unique international location, Shanghai is considered the fastest

Dworkins Belief of Preferential Treatment Essay Example For Students

Dworkins Belief of Preferential Treatment Essay Dworkins Belief of Preferential TreatmentFor many years, preferential treatment has been used to try to make upfor past wrong-doings to minorities. There have been many cases tried overracial discrimination, with verdicts of both innocent and guilty. RonaldDworkin attempts to argue that preferential treatment is socially useful and atthe same time does not violate peoples rights. This is wrong for many reasons;here I shall illustrate how preferential treatment hinders racial equality,violates peoples rights, and can lead to a lower opinion toward a particularrace. Dworkin believes that continuing preferential treatment will decreaseracial consciousness and the importance of race. This is the total opposite ofwhat truly happens. If a person were to consider Americas past, as an example,he would see how racially diverse people were. Now look around. Just walkingacross any given area, groups of people of the same race are seen walkingtogether. Most people do not notice this, but very rarely are groups ofethnically diverse people seen. Although there are no longer any laws statingthat there must be a separation between different races, people still practiceit unconsciously. Dworkin states that the long-term goal of preferentialtreatment is to reduce the degree to which American society is overall aracially conscious society (294). Preferential treatment does nothing of thesort. It was used widely in the past and still exists in some areas today. Ithas not reduced racial consciousness, but increased it by making people thinkmore about how many spac es are reserved for their particular race. Instead,people should think of what their chances are of getting something on account oftheir personal knowledge over someone elses, not even considering their race asa factor. This is evident in a blacks point of view of getting into themedical school of the University of California at Davis. Sixteen places are setaside just for blacks and other minorities, no matter how low their test scoresare. That way, minorities dont even have to worry about competing with whitesfor a position. This does not, in any way, reduce racial consciousness bysetting two tracks for admission to medical school, one for the minorities, andone for the majority. Mr. Dworkin supports the idea that preferential treatment does notviolate peoples rights. His argument is weak here because he attempts to provethis by saying that if two things do not violate peoples rights, then neitherdoes a third. The two things that supposedly do not violate rights are thedenial of someone to medical school because of their age and because their testscores are just below the cutoff line of admission. He then assumes thatbecause these two do not violate rights, then neither does denying an applicantbecause he will not reduce racial consciousness as much as an individual ofanother race would. By taking this argument apart piece by piece, it is evidentthat all three parts of his argument violate rights. Preferential treatmentviolates a persons right to be judged on merit and merit alone(299). Dworkinsays that another definition for merit is qualification, and for some jobs, racecan be a qualification. Given a specific job, certain human characteristics aremore desi rable than others. People with these preferred characteristics aremore likely to get this job. For example, a desirable quality for a surgeon issteady hands; therefore, a person with steady hands is more likely to get thisposition than a person with shaky hands. Using race in a similar example,preferential treatment would be just if there were a job where one race is morequalified than another. The problem with this is that there are no such jobs. .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe , .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe .postImageUrl , .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe , .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe:hover , .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe:visited , .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe:active { border:0!important; } .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe:active , .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4c74a99704267489fa6ad92bb086ecfe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Spatial Data Acquisition EssayDworkin says that denying a person admission because of his age does not violatethat persons rights, but then, is the individual being judged on his merit andmerit alone? No. It is therefore wrong to discriminate against someonebecause of their age because it violates his rights. A second objection to Dworkins belief that preferential treatment doesnot violate peoples rights is that people have the right to be judged as anindividual. Preferential treatment supports grouping people together accordingto race and then judging them as a whole. Dworkin agrees with Colvin when hesays that people have the right not to be disadvantaged because of ones racealone. Many colleges set cutoff limits to the applicants scores that theyadmit. Some applicants that barely fall below the line have much morededication and enthusiasm than those above the line, and would make betterstudents by these attributes. Unfortunately, these students are not evenconsidered because they are not looked at as an individual, but judged solely bytheir scores. Now imagine a situation similar to this where race is thedeterminant of whether a person is accepted or not. If a person were to beturned down from a college because of his skin color before he was given achance to be interviewed, the colleg e may loose a very smart student. Skincolor should not be used to group people because within one skin color, manydifferent kinds of people can be grouped together. A possible alternative tothis approach is similar to it, but with one slight changecreate a range aroundthe cutoff line where the students are considered on an individual basis. Thoseinside this zone with admirable qualities are accepted and those without arerejected. The third objection that preferential treatment does not violatepeoples rights is that a person has the right not to be excluded, disadvantaged,or denied some good because of race alone. In Bakkis case, Dworkin agrees thathe would have been accepted had he been a minority, but says that he was notdisadvantaged because of his race. He says that Bakki would also have beenaccepted had he gotten better test scores or had been younger, so his color isnot the only thing that kept him from being accepted. Here, Dworkin iscomparing apples and oranges. A persons color is no determinant of whether heshould be suitable for a job, and neither should his age (although I will notdiscuss this here). His knowledge is what is important. A doctor should not beturned away because of his race or because he may be a few years older thananother, but he may very well be turned away because he is not performing hisjob to the necessary degree because he lacks the needed knowledge. A personscolor or age has n othing to do with his intelligence. This is yet another weakargument given by Dworkin. One more disadvantage to preferential treatment is how people feel whenthey work with people who have been helped by preferential treatment. If ablack man were to apply to medical school and be accepted only because of hisskin color, what kind of business would he run if he were to make it out ofmedical school for the same reasons? There would be a great disadvantage togiving him a little extra leeway because of his race. During college, he mightnot try as hard on his studies because he knows he will make it by and thereforenot gain all the necessary information to be a good doctor. Then, after hegraduates and works with other doctors, he may not only give his race a bad nameby not knowing what he should have learned in college, but he may also losepatients from being misdiagnosed. It is clear that giving racial preferencescan lead to great problems in the future, and should therefore not be used. .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e , .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e .postImageUrl , .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e , .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e:hover , .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e:visited , .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e:active { border:0!important; } .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e:active , .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u929a133d1c953fba3928ccec15d0e91e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Extraordinary Science Of Addictive Junk Food EssayMany people have explained both advantages and disadvantages topreferential treatment since the racial injustice campaign began in 1954. Oneof whom is Ronald Dworkin, who spoke on the side for preferential treatment. Heargued that while decreasing racial consciousness, it does not violate anyonesrights. When trying to prove his side, he uses examples that areuncharacteristic to racial preferences such as race being a qualification for ajob. Although Dworkin argues his point well, he uses examples that just do notback up his beliefs as well as they should and do not draw a distinct line ofwhy preferential treatment shoul d be used. Philosophy

The Role of Consumer Protection Agency and the Judiciary on Consumer Protection free essay sample

A consumer can be defined as someone who acquires goods or services for direct use or ownership rather than for resale or use in production and manufacturing. Consumer protection  consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. The laws are designed to prevent businesses that engage in fraud or specified unfair practices from gaining an advantage over competitors and may provide additional protection for the weak and those unable to take care of themselves. Consumer protection laws are a form of government  regulation  which aims to protect the rights of  consumers. For example, a government may require businesses to disclose detailed information about products—particularly in areas where safety or public health is an issue, such as food. Consumer protection is linked to the idea of consumer rights (that consumers have various rights as consumers), and to the formation of  consumer organizations, which help consumers make better choices in the marketplace and get help with consumer complaints. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Consumer Protection Agency and the Judiciary on Consumer Protection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other organizations that promote consumer protection include government organizations and self-regulating business organizations such as consumer protection agencies and organizations, the Federal Trade Commission etc. Consumer interests can also be protected by promoting competition in the markets which directly and indirectly serve consumers, consistent with economic efficiency. In Nigeria, the major Consumer Protection Agency saddled with this responsibility is the Consumer Protection Council (CPC). Consumer Protection Council (CPC)  is a Parastatal of the Federal Government of Nigeria, supervised by the Federal Ministry of Trade and Investment. Though established by Act No. 6 of1992, it commenced operations only in 1999, when its institutional framework was put in place. The mandate of CPC is to, among others, eliminate hazardous products from the market, provide speedy redress to consumers complaints, undertake campaigns which would lead to increased consumer awareness, ensure that consumers’ interest receive due consideration at the appropriate forum, and encourage trade, industry and professional associations to develop and enforce in their various fields uality standards designed to safeguard the interest of consumers. While using all legitimate means to eliminate the scourge of consumer rights abuse in the Nigerian market place, it is common knowledge that an uninformed consumer population cannot be effectively protected if they do not know that they have rights, what the rights are, and how the rights could be protected. On the other hand, businesses and organizations also need to be well acquainted with their obligations to consumers. Based on this, the CPC serves to effectively police the market, sensitizing consumers to their rights and responsibilities and at the same time ensuring that businesses are committed to fulfilling their obligations to consumers. This is all in a bid to ensure that the country would become a better consumer-friendly nation. Consumers are entitled to a variety or rights, and the Consumer Protection Council and other consumer protection agencies serve to create awareness of these rights. All of which must be insisted upon, and most of which are stated below: 1. The Right to Satisfaction of Basic Needs: Access to basic goods and services necessary for survival, such as food, water, energy, clothing, shelter, health-care, education and sanitation. Goods and services must meet the standard of quality promised such that there is value for money in the purchase. 2. The Right to Safety: Protection from hazardous products, production processes and services. The Right to Information: Provision of information enabling informed consumer choice as well as protection from misleading or inaccurate advertising and labeling. 4. The Right to Choose: Access to variety of quality products and services at competitive prices. 5. The Right to Redress: Compensation for misrepresentation, shoddy goods and unsatisfactory public and private services, including the right to adequate legal representation. 6. The Right to Consumer Education: Acquisition of the skills required to be an informed consumer throughout life. 7. The Right to Consumer Representation: Advocacy of consumers interest and the ability to take part in the formulation of economic and other policies affecting consumers i. e. the right to be heard. 8. The Right to a Healthy Environment: Habitation is a place that is safe for present and future generations and which will enhance the quality of their lives. On its own part, the Judiciary is defined as the system of courts of justice in the country, and serves to ensure that all laws regarding consumer protection are enforced and strictly adhered to, and stiff penalties are meted out to defaulters. The laws, terms and conditions regarding consumer protection are reflected in The Consumer Protection Council Act (1992 No 66), where control of key aspects of consumer protection such as sales promotions, advertisements, products and services monitoring and regulation are explicitly stated. For instance, in the case of sales promotions, The Consumer Protection Council Act grants authority to the CPC to verify the genuineness of all sales promotions, ensuring that they are within legal, decent, honest and faithful limits, and ensure their direct supervision. The judiciary metes out penalties to erring parties which could be in the form of suspension for a definite period of time, fines and/or direct prohibition of activity. These, to a large extent are aimed at regulating and controlling the excesses of manufacturers, advertisers and consumers and ensure that all practices concerned are within legal and permissible limits, and is especially necessary in countries such as Nigeria because the global crisis has made ready markets in developed countries to look for emerging markets with a huge population base to dump their products, and Nigeria fits the description of such emerging market. The judiciary, through the enforcement of The Consumer Protection Council Act (1992 No 66), which guides consumer protection, ensures that Nigeria does not become a ready market for unscrupulous foreign countries and companies to dump products and services.

A History of Soviet and American Interests essays

A History of Soviet and American Interests essays In the system of international politics almost everything is strategic. Even the most basic analysis of international historical events can seem like decoding the rules to a complex board game. This is most evident when analyzing grand wars, such as WWI and WWII. Although states and state leaders may attempt to rewrite world order in the wake of such disruptive events, history has proven these efforts extraneous. It is highly argued, for example, that restructuring efforts following WWI only contributed to WWII. So why is it that the unplanned system following WWII lasted twice as long as the carefully planned efforts after the First World War? This period of history, formally known as the Cold War, is sometimes referred to as the Long Peace because despite four decades of hostility, the Cold War never manifested into direct military confrontation. According to John Lewis Gaddis, war was prevented as a result of the bipolar configuration of the international system at the time, geographical advantages, advanced technology, shifting ideologies, and game theory. In order to understand why the international system remained stable in the post-WWII world, it is necessary to understand Systems Theory. This theory provides the criteria for stable or unstable international configurations. In this way, stability is characterized by the structure of states and not their behavior, even though both play a role in stabilizing state relations. In systems theory, international politics can take on a bipolar or multipolar configuration. Bipolarity happens when two states dominate the international political system. Post- WWII settlements arbitrarily divided the sovereign nations that could have rivaled the U.S. or Soviet Union in population or economic might. This created an avenue for the domination of the American and Soviet spheres of inf luence the first true polarization in modern history was created (Gaddis 45). Unl...

CONTRACT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

CONTRACT - Essay Example The facts at hand clearly do not point to common mistake. The mistake that is relevant in respect of the facts is one whereby consent is negative because one party is under a mistake. As Professor Goodhart (1941) states ‘there is no breach of the law of contract which is more uncertain and difficult than that which is concerned with the effect of mistake on the formation of a contract’. In respect of the facts at hand the mistake that is relevant is the one of identity of the other contracting party. Generally the identity of the other party is immaterial. In respect of the claims of ES against the third party an action under tort can be brought about whereby the English Law principle of nemo dat quad non habet (you cannot give what you do not have) would apply and if the person who sold the goods to the third party does not own any right to them then such goods have to be returned. As far as ES and IE are concerned under contract if there has been an assumption of false identity then a claim of fraud can also be made against the rogue. Fraudulent misrepresentation in this respect would lead to the contract being held voidable. Thus if there has been a mistake as to identity of the person who was under such mistaken belief can argue that the contract b set aside on the basis that the contract was entered into on the basis of mistake and thus is void tthereby having no legal effects whatsoever. Thus mistake is a better option as compared to fraud (Lord Nicholls in Shogun Finance Ltd. v. Hudson 2. In respect of mistake as to identity there is necessity to distinguish between contracts that have been entered into orally and those that have been entered into in writing. After the decision of Shogun the courts have found that where the dealing between the parties is fact to fact, there is a presumption in law that the parties intend on dealing with each other. Thus mistake as to true name would not be a sufficient reason. In respect of contracts in writ ing, the names of the parties bear greater significance because of the need for certainty in respect of written contract. Thus Lord Nicholls in Shogun stated that ‘there is no magic attaching to a misrepresentation made in writing rather than by word of mouth’. The reason for the difference in oral and contracts in writing is because of the fact that the innocent party would be unaware of who is standing in front of him when entering into the contract orally. The courts have therefore been given authority to determine the intention of the parties based on the documents and without any presumptions to such intentional. An important decision in respect of written contracts is the House of Lords in Cundy v. Lindsay3 whereby a dishonest person by giving wrong address and name of company dealt with an innocent party. The court deciding in favour of the claimants stated the reasoning that the order form had been signed with incorrect name and the claimants were aware of the n ame of the firm and had the intention of dealing with them. However, the courts in King’s Norton Metal Co. v. Edridge Merrett and Co. Ltd.4 held that where letters had been sent by a rogue the claimant purported to deal with the person sending the letter and not the company. The main distinction between the two earlier cited authorities is that in the latter no

Reflective Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Reflective Paper - Essay Example The biographical study approach was leveraged in the effort to analyze the entrepreneurship process from the point of view of Spreckels’ life as an immigrant and the evolution of his business enterprises. There are three steps to the method. The first step relates to the analysis of the family and ethnicity of Spreckels. The second step relates to the evolution of his business interests. The third step relates to how his immigrant status shaped his business life (Spiekermann 1-21). The article is well-written and makes use of the biographical study in a very structured fashion. It is informative and allows the reader to glean insights into the entrepreneurship process in general and its demonstration in the life and times of Spreckels (Spiekermann 1-21). The paper details the results of a case study involving the introduction of information technology into Fairfield University, detailing those aspects of the introduction relating to impacts on management and on the economic considerations relating to the acquisition and rollout of a vital pieces of IT, including computing hardware and networking infrastructure. Those two aspects, management impacts from the perspective of faculty use and economic considerations relating to the demand for the IT resources relative to supply and adequacy of the computing investments. The findings include that such exercises require extensive planning, and can be justified from the point of view of learning and efficiency improvements that offset the costs of the investments in IT (Tellis). The researcher detailed the study methodology within the paper in straightforward fashion, and that methodology had four steps. One is the design of the case study. Two is the undertaking of the case study itself. Three is the analysis of the data. Four is the derivation of conclusions and implications, and the crafting of recommendations for next steps (Tellis). The paper relied

Standardized Testing Essay Example for Free

Standardized Testing Essay The focus Ingernira pinpoints on in the article is recognizing that testing is required to gauge how much the student learned however, I feel that testing is needed to establish the financial solutions for each state and school to determine rather or not they will be able to receive a grant. Also the article elaborates that the student should be tested on what they’re good at and for the students who aren’t able to test well should be able to have incentives. Since testing has become a must in schools now it should be done at no harm to the student and the school should have guidelines and minimize the negative effects on test. I will use this article to help me elaborate more and give tips to different ways standardized testing should be done. This article will help my argument by giving a different view on ways students should be tested. McKinney, Brennan. â€Å"Standardized Tests: Support, Criticism, and How it Affects Teachers and Children.† Yahoo Voices, Web. 17 Dec. 2010. McKinney Brennan looks at how teachers feel about standardized testing and how it affects their voices in order to be able to teach the students there way. Throughout the summary standardized testing is pretty clear that the goals for the teacher and students are that the student needs to learn and the teacher is supposed to be teaching. However, this method has backlash because the teachers and the school have little to say about what content is put on the test and it’s up to the government to decide and there not with the students every day. Also, the teacher’s feel the test is too difficult, broad, and not age appropriate which causes the students to fail and make the state and school look bad. I will use this article to illustrate the teacher’s point of view behind standardized testing. This article will help my argument by proving that teacher plays a major role in student’s lives and if they feel a certain way about the test then there voice should b e heard too. The Engines for Education Team. Engines for Education. EFE, n.d. Web. 11 March. 2013. Engines for Education explain the problems for standardized testing. The group says that we need to cut out the competiveness in the test and focus more on the student’s performance. Also the test kills the type of education that matters most because teachers are more focused on teaching what will likely be on the test instead of teaching at a comfortable style there able to choose. Also, the site in tells how it effects the students in the near future on test- taking and how it mobilizes there brain into I need to get a high score, I need to remember the information, and have all this anxiety before the test is even here. I will use this article to help me explain the people’s point of view on testing and the anxieties kids have when testing. This article will help my argument because it points out valid points that students go thru every day. Testing anxieties and the test has blocked the important things in education and now it’s all about rank and who can hav e the highest score.

Animal Emotions Essay -- essays papers

Animal Emotions Do animals feel joy, love, fear, anguish or despair? What ere emotions, and perhaps more importantly, how do scientists prove animals are capable of emotion? Sea lion mothers have often been seen wailing painfully and squealing eerily as they watch their babies being eaten by killer whales. Buffaloes have also been observed sliding playfully across ice, excitedly screaming â€Å"Gwaaa.† Emotions are defined broadly as psychological phenomena that help in behavioral management and control. This is a challenging question to researchers who are trying to determine the answer to this question. Through current research by close observation combined with neurobiological research, evidence that animals exhibit fear, joy happiness, shame, embarrassment, resentment, jealousy, rage, anger, love, pleasure, compassion, respect, relief, disgust, sadness, despair, and grief is likely. Charles Darwin said, â€Å"The lower animals, like man, manifestly feel pleasure and pain, happines s, and misery.† I agree with Darwin. I believe animals do exhibit emotions, and denying that animals have emotions because the subject cannot be studied directly is not a reasonable explanation. One recent headline in the news showed an extraordinary event on film. When a three-year-old boy fell into a gorilla enclosure at the zoo, and was knocked unconscious. A female Gorilla named Binti Jua picked up the boy, and cradled him in her arms as if he was her own. The gorilla then gently carried the boy over to the caretaker’s door and set him down. Did the gorilla feel empathy for the boy? By watching the film alone the gorilla seemed to show emotions for the boy, but without studying the animal neurobiologically scientists cannot understand how her emotions and cognitions were linked. One scientist, Damasio, provided an explanation how emotions can be felt in humans biologically. Damasio suggested, â€Å"Various brain structures map both the organism and external objects to create what he calls a second order representation. This mapping of the organism and the object most likely occurs in the thalamus and cingulate cortices. A sense of self in the act of knowing is created, and the individual knows â€Å"to whom this is happening.† The â€Å"seer† and the â€Å"seen,† the â€Å"thought† and the â€Å"thinker† are one in the same.† By mapping the brain scientists can have a better understandi... ...ung children. He said â€Å"A greylag goose that has lost its partner shows all the symptoms that John Bowlby has described in young human children in his famous book Infant Grief. . . the eyes sink deep into their sockets, and the individual has an overall drooping experience, literally letting their head hang.† Elephants stand guard over a stillborn baby for days with their head and their ears hanging down like they were sad. The experiments and other data show that animals are not just driven by instincts alone. There is more to them than that. It is hard to watch dogs play and believe that they derive no fun or pleasure from it at all. Animals have shown that they are sensitive to their social surroundings. They punish one another and alleviate other’s pain. Some monkeys in established communities attack those that find food and don’t share. These studies are important. A better understanding of how animals are feeling could create a whole new guideline of rules on the way animals should be treated. Humans should not be so arrogant to believe they are the only animals capable of emotion. How are we capable of seeing from their viewpoint and assume they feel no emotion.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a socio-political protest against the policy of racial segregation and discrimination campaign in the public transport service of Montgomery city, Alabama in 1955. It lasted for one whole year starting at December 5, 1955 and ending at Decenmer21, 1956. The sentiments of the Afro-American community were cooled down by a United States Supreme decision that declared segregation in public transport as unconstitutional. The main cause of the protest and boycott of transport system was racial discrimination. This segregation was a source of bitterness and pathos for the Afro-Americans community for a long period of time. The city bus service was making a mockery of Afro-American as they were harassed by white drivers. They had top pay the fare at the front door whereas they had to reboard from the rear-door.   They used to sit behind a barrier that segregated the white community from the black one. This barrier was always moved toward the rear end to accommodate more white customers. On the bus, blacks sat behind a mobile barrier dividing the races, and as the bus filled, the barrier was pushed back to make room for white passengers. This stated resentments of the black residents of Montgomery city got an impetus in the arrest of Rosa Parks. She was taken into custody on December 1, 1955 on the charges that she refused vacate her seat to a white passenger. She was penalized 10$ in addition to $ 4 court charges. This decision flamed the feelings of the Afro-American community who had already planned to set a protest against this uncivilized practice. So the same day, on December 05, 1955, almost forty two thousands Black residents of the city started the boycott of city bus transport in order to protest racial segregation and racially discriminatory law of Alabama state. Rosa Parks was also an enthusiastic adherent of the protest campaign. The first occurrence of protest was a one day boycott by a local women’s rights organization, Women's Political Council to show solidarity with Rosa Parks. The council’s president JoAnn published and distributed 52,000 fliers that prompted Montgomery‘s Afro-American community to stay off public buses on the day of the Rosa Park’s trial. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People’s (NAACP) local section, that was hankering after an issue to involve the court into a legal and constitutional debate over the issue of racial segregation took advantage of the situation, started preparing for the legal challenge. After the conviction of Rosa Parks, the local black leaders congregated to arrange a mass protest and an extension of the bus boycott. They further established Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) to forward the interest of the Afro-American community at the national level and elected Luther King Jr. as its president. This protest continued for 381 days during which Black community used other mean of conveyance like taxis, carpooling, and walking through miles. Their efforts and sacrifices bore fruit when they ultimately succeeded in their struggle to desegregate seating on public buses, not only in Montgomery, but throughout the United States through a decision made by Supreme Court. As it is stated earlier that Black organizations like NAACP and other community leader started thinking on various legal measures to challenge the Alabama bus segregation laws and to eradicate the segregation. For his purpose, they based their case on Fourth Amendments that declares equal laws for every citizen of America and  Ã‚   wanted a clear judgment in this regards over the discriminatory laws of Alabama State. But real solace came through another case Browder v. Gayle that was filed on February 1, 1956, in the U.S. District Court. Browder was a Montgomery housewife who was denied the equal right of bus service under the discriminatory law and Gayle was the mayor of Montgomery. In June, 1956 ruling, federal court declared the segregated seating as unconstitutional but an appeal was forwarded to the United States Supreme Court. However, on November 13, 1956, the superior court endorsed the lower court's ruling. This was a great triumph for the Afro-American community as they won the struggle for their rights. The Montgomery Bus Boycott cast deep imprints U.S. history and equipped the Black leadership with an impetus to carry on their civil rights struggle. It had implications that reached far beyond the desegregation of public buses. Luther King established himself as the leader of a national stature. The protest boosted the Civil Rights Movement and created a mass awareness about the struggle of Afro-American community and highlighted their pathos and miseries. It further provided confidence to the Black people that they can win their rights by constant struggle. In the words of King: â€Å"We have gained a new sense of dignity and destiny. We have discovered a new and powerful weapon—non-violent resistance.† Reference Burns, Stewart. (1997) Daybreak of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott. The University of North Carolina Press.

Machu Picchu Wonder of the World

At an altitude of about 8000 feet, Machu Picchu, now one of the 7 wonders of the world, is a small city in the Andes, about 44 miles northwest of Cuzco, Peru, which was once the political heart of the Inca Empire.. and about 3000 feet above the Urubamba Valley. It covers 80,000 acres and means Old Peak in the indigenous Quechua. History of the Lost City Inca ruler Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (or Sapa Inca Pachacuti) built Machu Picchu in the mid-15th century. It appears to have been a royal estate or sacred, ceremonial city with an  astronomical observatory. The largest peak in Machu Picchu, called Huayna Picchu, is known as hitching post of the sun. The city was probably occupied for fewer than 150 years. Smallpox devastated Machu Picchu before the conqueror of the Inca, the Spaniard Francisco Pizarro, arrived. Yale archaeologist Hiram Bingham discovered the ruins of the city in 1911. Most of the roughly 150 buildings in Machu Picchu were built of granite so their ruins look like part of the mountains. The Inca made regular blocks of granite fit so tightly together (without mortar) that there are areas where a knife cannot fit between the stones. Many buildings had trapezoidal doors and thatched roofs. They used irrigation to grow corn and potatoes. Today, Machu Picchu is an iconic mountain top tourist destination.